The benefits of vitamin D have been investigated in a variety of settings and to date the following can be said with some degree of confidence.

Vitamin D supplementation that effectively raises the serum 25 OH D₃ levels (not just dosing but measuring a response) is associated with a reduction in fracture rates, most specifically in the elderly, and evidence to date suggests that vitamin D supplementation will reduce fall risk and improve muscle strength, thus reducing fracture risk.

Evidence of non-bone related benefits includes findings that vitamin D levels correlate with age-adjusted mortality (Amsterdam Aging Study), improvements in diabetes control, reduced susceptibility to specific infectious disease (e.g. tuberculosis) and reduced cancer mortality (Nebraska trial, Am J Clin Nutrition 2007;85[6]:1586-91).

The amount of vitamin D needed to achieve these objectives is best considered in terms of the level achieved, rather than on the basis of the amount given. For example, obese
individuals require relatively higher doses of vitamin D₃ to achieve the same serum level. Variation in absorption exists. That’s why it’s vital to measure levels, and ensure a result that is equal to or greater than 80 nmoL/litre. Toxicity is not an issue, except in the presence of immobility and significant renal impairment with high concurrent calcium intake. In general the approach should be — take more, can’t hurt!

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