question and answer
Tetanus shot for corneal abrasion?
February 2010
Do patients with an acute corneal abrasion need to be updated with a tetanus booster in the ER if they are past the 10 years for a tetanus immunization? Peter Palma, MD, Okanagan Centre, BC
Corneal abrasions are extremely common and can result from even minor trauma to the corneal surface. Due to the high sensory innervation of the cornea, abrasions can be extremely painful for patients. The corneal surface is unique as an epithelium-covered surface in a few ways. First, the cornea is devoid of an underlying blood supply, as it receives oxygen and nutrients directly from the atmospheric air and the aqueous humour. Second, epithelial cell replication and migration is extremely rapid, and surface healing of an abrasion occurs very quickly (often in less than 12 hours). For these reasons, the criteria for deciding if a corneal abrasion is tetanus-prone are different than those for other skin abrasions. There are no reports in the literature of documented tetanus developing secondary to a clinical abrasion. Nonetheless, it’s often recommended to carry out tetanus immunization if the mechanism injury is higher-risk (i.e. dirty metal fragment, metallic corneal foreign body, etc.) Of course, there are additional public health benefits in encouraging tetanus prophylaxis whenever such opportunities arise.
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